Virtualization is the technology that allows a technological resource to be represented by software, simulating its existence, in this way the programs will detect this resource as if it were real (physical).
What can be done with virtualization?
Virtualization has many applications, with it, you can create virtual machines (VM) in which other operating systems can be installed. In this way, several virtual machines could be running on a physical machine or server at the same time. This is very beneficial for many companies and people, since they reduce the amount of equipment they have to perform the same functions. Network devices such as hubs, bridges, switches, connections, network cards, etc. can also be created virtually.
Infrastructure virtualization consists of the creation of Virtual Machines that simulate physical machines, on which an Operating System and all other applications can be installed as if it were a real-world computer. These virtual machines can access resources such as the network, video cards, sound, cameras, USB devices or any other that the hypervisor shares with them. This type of virtualization allows you to manage the hardware resources that the VM will have, depending on the real resources available.
Among the hardware resources that we can virtualize are the processors (vCPU), RAM and ROM (Firmware, example BIOS), network interfaces (NIC), complete networks (VLAN), storage devices (RAID, LVM, SAN and NAS).
This is what large clusters of servers do in data centers (The Cloud) in which special software is responsible for uniting the processing capabilities of several servers and presenting it as a single system with high computing capacity.
It allows you to use techniques such as Link Aggregation (Bonding) that simulates a single network device with high bandwidth using multiple independent network interfaces.
It allows the representation of logical networks such as VLANs, VPNs, Virtual IP.
This is what technologies such as Docker and LXC do, which allows user space instances to run in parallel, isolated from each other, called containers in which applications that use the kernel of the host system are deployed.
The implementation of this technology also has its cons, among them, we must talk about the following:
Since the virtual resources run at an intermediate layer to that of the real hardware, the performance will be lowed, but by a small percentage. On the other hand, excessive abuse of virtual resources on a single physical computer will end up saturating it, affecting performance. It is important that only essential virtual resources are created, not one more.
Modern microprocessors also have specific instruction sets to accelerate virtualization; this feature is enabled in the BIOS settings of the PC or server in question.
The software that allows the execution of Virtual Machines (VM) is called Hypervisor, the main operating system that supports the hypervisor and the virtual machines is called the host operating system, and the operating system of the virtual machines is called the guest system or system. Hosted. Hypervisors can be of two types: type 1 works directly on the hardware, and type 2 works on a host operating system.
Type 1 hypervisors: Server virtualization, the variant used in companies and data centers
Type 2 Hypervisors – Workstation Virtualization
Virtualization is the basis of other technologies that we use today, such as “Cloud computing”, but that is another topic that we will talk about in another article.
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